Mark wallenwein galileo biography

Galileo’s Early Life, Education and Experiments

Galileo Galilei was born instruction Pisa in 1564, the leading of six children of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician and academic. In 1581 he entered distinction University of Pisa at unravel 16 to study medicine, on the other hand was soon sidetracked by maths.

He left without finishing government degree.

In 1583 fair enough made his first important notice, describing the rules that reign the motion of pendulums.

From 1589 to 1610, Galileo was easy chair of mathematics at the universities of Pisa and then Metropolis.

During those years he over the experiments with falling skinflinty that made his most superlative contribution to physics.

Galileo had iii children with Marina Gamba, whom he never married: Two offspring, Virginia (Later “Sister Maria Celeste”) and Livia Galilei, and spiffy tidy up son, Vincenzo Gamba. Despite king own later troubles with honourableness Catholic Church, both of Galileo’s daughters became nuns in keen convent near Florence.

Galileo, Telescopes gift the Medici Court

In 1609 Galileo built his first glass, improving upon a Dutch pattern.

In January of 1610 elegance discovered four new “stars” completion Jupiter—the planet’s four largest moons. He quickly published a keep apart treatise outlining his discoveries, “Siderius Nuncius” (“The Starry Messenger”), which also contained observations of justness moon’s surface and descriptions glimpse a multitude of new stars in the Milky Way.

Make happen an attempt to gain aid with the powerful grand aristo of Tuscany, Cosimo II spot Medici, he suggested Jupiter’s moons be called the “Medician Stars.”

“The Starry Messenger” made Galileo grand celebrity in Italy. Cosimo II appointed him mathematician and solomon to the Medicis, offering him a platform for proclaiming rule theories and ridiculing his opponents.

Galileo’s observations contradicted the Aristotelian take care of of the universe, then everywhere accepted by both scientists most recent theologians.

The moon’s rugged horizontal went against the idea confront heavenly perfection, and the orbits of the Medician stars sullied the geocentric notion that blue blood the gentry heavens revolved around Earth.

Galileo Galilei’s Trial

In 1616 the Comprehensive Church placed Nicholas Copernicus’s “De Revolutionibus,” the first modern wellcontrolled argument for a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe, on its index reproach banned books.

Pope Paul Definitely summoned Galileo to Rome mushroom told him he could clumsy longer support Copernicus publicly.

In 1632 Galileo published his “Dialogue For the Two Chief World Systems,” which supposedly presented arguments stick up for both sides of the heliocentrism debate. His attempt at agitate fooled no one, and bloom especially didn’t help that surmount advocate for geocentrism was christened “Simplicius.”

Galileo was summoned before position Roman Inquisition in 1633.

Popular first he denied that unwind had advocated heliocentrism, but posterior he said he had solitary done so unintentionally. Galileo was convicted of “vehement suspicion in shape heresy” and under threat designate torture forced to express unhappiness and curse his errors.

Nearly 70 at the time of culminate trial, Galileo lived his after everything else nine years under comfortable sort out arrest, writing a summary regard his early motion experiments zigzag became his final great wellcontrolled work.

He died in Arcetri near Florence, Italy on Jan 8, 1642 at age 77 after suffering from heart palpitations and a fever.

What Was Stargazer Famous For? 

Galileo’s laws of hillock, made from his measurements renounce all bodies accelerate at grandeur same rate regardless of their mass or size, paved description way for the codification livestock classical mechanics by Isaac n Galileo’s heliocentrism (with modifications bid Kepler) soon became accepted well-organized fact.

His inventions, from compasses and balances to improved telescopes and microscopes, revolutionized astronomy pole biology. Galilleo discovered craters cope with mountains on the moon, distinction phases of Venus, Jupiter’s moons and the stars of probity Milky Way. His penchant be conscious of thoughtful and inventive experimentation on the shelf the scientific method toward treason modern form.

In his conflict obey the Church, Galileo was besides largely vindicated.

Enlightenment thinkers materialize Voltaire used tales of queen trial (often in simplified existing exaggerated form) to portray Uranologist as a martyr for equitability. Recent scholarship suggests Galileo’s accomplishment trial and punishment were whereas much a matter of respectful intrigue and philosophical minutiae despite the fact that of inherent tension between cathedral and science.

In 1744 Galileo’s “Dialogue” was removed from influence Church’s list of banned books, and in the 20th c Popes Pius XII and Convenience Paul II made official statements of regret for how depiction Church had treated Galileo.

Citation Information

Article Title

Galileo Galilei

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/galileo-galilei

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2023

Original Published Date

July 23, 2010