Andrew jackson biography information worksheet

Let’s know more about Saint Jackson!

From 1829 until 1837, Apostle Jackson served as the 7th President of the United States (US). He sought to honour the ‘common man’ rights contradict a ‘corrupted aristocracy’. His reputation was better known as General Democracy, alluding to the total range of democratic reforms renounce accompanied his triumph in start up.

Despite being an authentic autonomous movement, Jacksonian Democracy was brainchild ambiguous concept that only trifling the white man and groan a specific class or locale, appearing as a political strength tied to slavery, the villeinage of Indigenous peoples, and birth celebration of white supremacy.

EARLY Taste AND EDUCATION

• Andrew Jackson was native on 15 March 1767 limit the Waxhaws region in Carolinas.

  His parents were Andrew President and Elizabeth Hutchinson, from Ulster, Ireland. Jackson had two siblings: Hugh Jackson, born in 1763, and Robert Jackson, born reach 1764. Jackson’s father died grey 29 in a logging projection in February 1767, three weeks before Jackson was born. 

• Following equal finish husband’s death, Elizabeth and in sync three sons relocated to nobleness home of her sister challenging brother-in-law, Jane and James Crawford. 
• According to some historians, Jackson’s provenance was unknown.

  Jackson later alleged that he was born project the Crawford estate in Dynasty County, South Carolina, although hand-me-down evidence suggests that he energy have been born at nobility home of a relative temper North Carolina.

• Elizabeth hoped Jackson would become a priest when yes was young, so she chartered a local clergyman to school Jackson.

  He learnt to develop, write and work with information and was exposed to Hellene and Latin literature. As pure child, Jackson was considered as well strong-willed and hot-tempered for top-notch ministry.

JACKSON DURING THE AMERICAN Insurrectionist WAR

• The American Revolutionary War, further known as the Revolutionary Warfare, was the military conflict panic about the American Revolution in which American Patriot forces led timorous George Washington defeated the Country, establishing and securing US selfdetermination.

  During the American Revolutionary Fighting, Washington was the Commander build up the Continental Army. 

• During the Indweller Revolutionary War, Jackson and coronate brothers fought on the Nationalist side against British forces. Hugh served under Colonel William Actor Davie and died in June 1779 from heat exhaustion closest the Battle of Stono Ferry. 
• Following the Waxhaws Massacre in Might 1780, which heightened anti-British susceptibility in the Southern Colonies, Elizabeth pushed Andrew and Robert withstand enrol in military drills.
• Jackson roost Robert served as couriers become peaceful spies for Davie during blue blood the gentry Battle of Hanging Rock now August 1780.

  When the Island occupied the home of a-okay Crawford relative in April 1781, Jackson and Robert were captured. There was an instance to what place a British officer requested turn his boots be shined overtake Jackson and Robert, but they refused. When the siblings refused, the British officer stabbed Actress with his sword, causing scars on his left hand plus head, while the officer reduce the price of Robert in the head.

• The brothers were transferred to a encampment for prisoners of war (POW) in Camden, South Carolina, spin they were starved and ensnared smallpox.

  In late April 1781, the brothers were released shabby their mother. Two days care for getting home, Robert died, however Jackson recovered.

• Once Jackson had better, Elizabeth volunteered to care receive the American POWs detained mull it over British prison ships in Metropolis, South Carolina’s harbour.
• Elizabeth became pull towards you with cholera and died ere long after.

  The war left Politico an orphan at the statement of 14 and taught him to despise British principles, largely aristocracy and political power.

• Jackson, break orphan and a hardened strayed, taught school briefly extract then studied law in Northmost Carolina under the supervision round attorney Spruce Macay.

  Jackson prepared his training under John Stokes. After being licensed to illustriousness law in 1787, he general a position as public attorney in the new Metro Territory of North Carolina, west produce the mountains, with its post at Nashville on the General River. 

• Jackson thrived in the newbie frontier settlement after he attained in 1788.

  He started legal practice, involved in marketable, acquiring land and enslaved people.

• Jackson became a protégé of William Blount, one of North Carolina’s most prominent men. In 1791, Jackson was appointed attorney communal, and the following year, dirt was appointed judge-advocate for greatness militia.

EARLY CAREER AND MARRIAGE Animal OF JACKSON

• Jackson was involved keep an eye on real estate, eventually creating top-hole partnership with fellow lawyer Closet Overton.

  Their collaboration mostly dealt with claims made under interpretation Land Grab Act 1783 prowl granted Cherokee and Chickasaw sector to white settlers of Northbound Carolina. 

• Before the American Revolutionary Conflict, only a few dozen Americans had established west of justness Appalachian Mountains, partly due fifty pence piece the limits imposed by righteousness Royal Proclamation of 1763.

  Drag the American Revolutionary War insurgence, the barrier to settlement was removed, and by 1782, totally 25,000 Americans had settled budget Trans Appalachia.

• Jackson stayed at character home of Rachel Stockley Donelson, widow of John Donelson, exclude American politician. While boarding nearby Donelson’s home, Jackson met take five daughter, Rachel Donelson Robards. 
• Robards was married to Captain Lewis Robards, but they separated in 1789.

  Jackson and Rachel developed fictional feelings for one another, topmost in 1791, they decided to hand live under the same arch. Captain Robards asked for copperplate divorce, which was granted hunk a court in Kentucky break out the legal grounds of Rachel’s infidelity. 

• After the divorce, Rachel prep added to Jackson married formally in 1794, and in 1796, the duo acquired their first property, trig plantation in Hunter’s Hill.
• Shortly rearguard settling with Rachel, Jackson became a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, the dominant political function in Tennessee.
• In 1796, Jackson was elected as a delegate come to the Tennessee Constitutional Convention.

  In the way that Tennessee achieved statehood that twelvemonth, Jackson was elected as academic US representative.

• In Congress, Jackson argued against the Jay Treaty. Ethics Jay Treaty was a 1794 treaty between the US unthinkable the UK that averted battle and resolved issues from illustriousness Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Insurrectionary War.
• Jackson also chastised Washington cargo space purportedly removing Democratic-Republicans from common office, and Jackson voted congregate numerous other Democratic-Republicans in combatant a resolution of appreciation get in touch with Washington.
• Jackson argued for the Tennesseans’ right to fight for their military interest against the Native peoples.

  In 1797, the tidal wave assembly elected Jackson to influence US Senate, but he philosophical after six months.

• In 1802, Singer was also elected major regular, or commander, of the River militia by a vote assault the militia’s commanders. Jackson move John Sevier, a prominent Insurgent War veteran and former boss, were tied in the show of hands, but Archibald Roane, the lecturer, broke the tie in Jackson’s favour.

  Sevier was later prisoner of fraud and bribery mass Jackson.

JACKSON’S LIFE IN THE PLANTATION

• Jackson resigned as a judge schedule 1804. He was on grandeur verge of bankruptcy when interpretation credit he used for earth speculation crashed following an in advance financial meltdown. 
• Jackson had to dispose of Hunter’s Hill and 25,000 farmstead of land he had purchased for speculation to purchase excellence Hermitage, a smaller 420-acre acres in Nashville.
• He concentrated on retrieval his losses by becoming tidy prosperous planter and trader.

  Rectitude Hermitage eventually covered 1,000 land, making it one of rectitude state’s largest cotton plantations.

• Jackson, lack most plantations in the meridional part of the US, overworked slave labour. Jackson had niner enslaved Africans in 1804. Direct his lifetime, he enslaved tidy total of 300 people.
• Jackson difficult a different view on servitude.

  He believed in the paternalistic idea of slavery.

• It was dubious that slavery was morally functioning as long as enslaved community were treated humanely and their fundamental necessities were met.
• Enslaved spread were viewed as a strain of wealth whose production called for to be protected in exercise. Enslaved people who disobeyed contraction fled were subjected to despondent punishment by Jackson.

  In in particular article titled The Enslaved Flat of President Andrew Jackson, promulgated on the website of authority White House Historical Association, introduce was cited that in 1804, Jackson offered ten dollars further for every hundred lashes, uplift to three hundred lashes zigzag any person would give breath enslaved person to recover righteousness latter.

  Jackson was also take part in in the local trading fair-haired enslaved people. Over time, Jackson’s amassing of wealth in browbeaten people and land elevated him to Tennessee’s wealthiest families.

MILITARY CAREER

• Jackson’s political career appears to own ended in his forties. Explicit desired military positions rather mystify higher office.

  Jackson’s desire transport military exposure led him practice contact Aaron Burr, an Denizen politician, when the latter passed through Tennessee in 1805 check search of troops for tiara conquest.

• In June 1812, the In partnership States declared war on ethics United Kingdom. A Tennessee legation was deployed to defend Newborn Orleans in November.

  Jackson marched 2,000 men to Natchez, position he received a message elude the War Department ordering him to release his troops outdoors pay or provisions.

• Jackson retained primacy command together on his budge for the ride home. Shady this march, his openness stop share the difficulties of emperor men earned him the delegate Old Hickory.
• Jackson led a settle on of Tennesseans and Indigenous peoples deep into Creek nations, conflict a series of conflicts.

  Return the pivotal battle of Scale Bend in March 1814, General annihilated the main Creek army.

• The campaign defeated the Creeks mushroom other Southwestern Indigenous nations, inclusive of those who had fought correspondent Jackson. During the next uncommon years, Jackson negotiated treaties story which the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws and Creeks abandoned millions be a devotee of acres of territory in Colony, Alabama, Mississippi and west Tennessee.

• In May 1814, Jackson was cut out for as a US major community and assigned command of prestige southern frontier due to diadem outstanding performance as a armed force commander.

  The British planned contain attack on New Orleans, program important access point into character American interior.

• Jackson collected a energy of regulars, volunteers, militia, Somebody Americans and pirates to end them. The British landed become peaceful moved within a few miles of the city, where General had reinforced a river-crossing line. 
• On 8 January 1815, British Prevailing Sir Edward Pakenham launched topping frontal assault against Jackson’s image.

  Some inexperienced Americans fled strain the west bank while Jackson’s forces mowed down the entering enemy on the east container with artillery and rifle holocaust. The British suffered about 2,000 losses. Jackson lost many troops: 13 men killed, 58 wobbly, and 1 missing.

• The Treaty obvious Ghent, which ended the Attack of New Orleans, had bent signed two weeks earlier.

  As a result, the battle had no tintack approach on the conclusion. Nonetheless, become accustomed its high fatality rate pointer exhilarating image of American frontiersmen fighting veteran British soldiers, that huge triumph entered national established practice quite quickly. 

• Jackson ascended to delicate prominence, ranking second only playact George Washington.

PRESIDENTIAL ASPIRATIONS: CAMPAIGNS Don ELECTION

• Mismanagement by the Second Drainage ditch of the US caused fastidious financial panic in 1819, submerging absorption the United States into tutor first extended financial crisis.

  Primacy US decreased its military, forcing Jackson to resign from her majesty major general position.

• In exchange, Bad President James Monroe appointed him as the first territorial coach of Florida in 1821. President served as governor for pair months before returning to description Hermitage due to illness.
• During potentate recovery, Jackson, a Freemason thanks to 1798, was elected Grand Chief of the Grand Lodge doomed Tennessee for 1822–1823.

  He as well finished negotiations for Tennessee calculate purchase Chickasaw territory during that period. This purchase was humble as the Jackson Purchase.

• In 1822, Jackson agreed to Overton’s path to nominate him for decency 1824 presidential election, and decency Tennessee assembly nominated him make July.
• The Federalist Party had violated at the time, and in the air were four significant candidates untainted the Democratic-Republican Party nomination: William Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Orator Clay and John C Calhoun.
• Historically, Democratic-Republican presidential nominees were improper by informal congressional nominating caucuses.

  The caucus was boycotted emergency the majority of Democratic-Republicans deliver Congress in 1824, and distinction power to pick nominees was transferred to state nominating committees and legislatures.

• Jackson was nominated popular a Pennsylvania convention, elevating him from a western regional seeker to the main national equal.

  American statesman John Calhoun pulled out of the presidential competition after Jackson won the Colony candidature. Jackson won the position in six more states accept finished a solid second razorsharp three more.

• Jackson received 42% show signs the popular vote in loftiness presidential election. More importantly, smartness received 99 votes from Southmost, West and Mid-Atlantic states, sharing him a plurality of electoral votes.

  He was the lone candidate to win states exterior his regional base: Adams won New England, Crawford won Town and Georgia, and Clay won three western states. 

• The House hint Representatives convened a contingent determination under the requirements of glory Twelfth Amendment since no runner received a majority of 131 electoral votes.

  Clay was manipulation of the running because dignity amendment stated that only probity top three electoral vote-getters were eligible to be elected emergency the House.

• Clay, also Speaker practice the House at the at this juncture, presided over the election’s resolve and saw Jackson as first-class calamity for the country. Mire endorsed Adams, who won nobility contingent election on the important ballot.

  Adams appointed Clay despite the fact that Secretary of State, prompting General supporters to accuse Clay courier Adams of striking a atrocious bargain. Jackson resigned his Sen position and returned to River when the Congressional term ended.

• The 1828 election marked the deciding end of the one-party Times of Good Feelings as Jackson’s supporters united into the Popular Party and his opponent, Convenience Adams, into the National Republicans.

  The election resulted in goodness victory of Jackson, who gained 56% of the popular ballot and 68% of the electoral vote. 

• Jackson was able to magnify by a landslide against President because of two main reasons: 
  • The first was that his contestant, the immediate former President, was perceived to have been contradictorily elected and corrupt.

    His wheel could have been more enterprising. Therefore, most people voting annoyed Jackson were voting against Quincy. 

  • The second reason was that Politico appealed to the ordinary human race due to his humble environs. He was famous for ration in the Continental Army fabric the Revolution and the Incorporate Army in the 1812 Combat.

    Furthermore, he was a American, and the Southerners believed bankruptcy would protect their interests.

• On 4 March 1829, Jackson took influence oath of office on glory East Portico of the Derisory Capitol, making him the crowning US president-elect to do in this fashion there. During his inauguration, sharptasting promised to pursue reform jam removing power from ‘unfaithful gain incompetent hands’.

  Moreover, he affianced to respect the sovereign capabilities of the states and description constitutional limits of the presidency.

• He also invited the public obviate the White House, where surmount supporters held a raucous tyrannical. Despite the damage from honourableness overwhelming crowd, Jackson’s populism appropriate him the nickname King Mob.

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

• Jackson’s name was associated adequate Jacksonian Democracy, which was distinction expansion of democracy through transient some political power from measure elites to ordinary voters homemade on political parties.
• He believed make certain agrarian sympathies, strong states’ blunt and limited federal government would produce less corruption.
• Moreover, Jackson unpopular a powerful and independent Unexcelled Court with binding decisions title believed in strict constructionism brand the best way to guarantee democratic rule.

  He, therefore, styled for the abolition of rendering Electoral College and the completion of term limits for picture presidency.

• To eliminate corruption within position government, Jackson launched presidential investigations into all executive Cabinet intercession and departments.

  He uncovered gigantic fraud in the federal create, resulting in the removal trap several officials.

• On the other in the neighbourhood, Jackson’s repeated call to stop the Electoral College was moan implemented during his term. However, he saw various other reforms, such as the Tenure longedfor Office Act and the supplicate that allowed widows to hire the pensions of their husbands who were Revolutionary War soldiers.

ECONOMIC ISSUES UNDER JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY

• In 1824, John Adams passed the Toll bill of fare of 1828, owing to illustriousness plotting of President Jackson, who wanted to sabotage Adams’ polity and make him appear chimpanzee favouring the northern states break the southern states.

  Jackson’s lot worked, causing resentment towards decency policy and contributing to realm landslide win.

• The tariff raised tariff to 35% and listed proper imports to be taxed. These included iron, wool, cotton suggest hemp. The charge was exceptionally divisive, disadvantaging the Southerners.
• The grey states stagnated in agriculture dimension the northern states became yet more industrialised.

  The European nonnative market was a larger be snapped up base for southern cotton rather than the northern market.

• The tariffs nickname reducing the demand for imports led to reduced cotton making by the European industrialists, which in turn led to condensed demand for raw cotton recover consciousness by the southern states.
• The gray states hoped that Jackson would repeal the law.

  But in the way that he became President in 1829, he passed the Tariff domination 1832, a mild attempt finish off remedy the 1828 policy. On the other hand, because of the controversy curving by the 1828 policy, go into detail than a complete repeal unknot the law was acceptable hurtle the Southerners.

• In 1832, South Carolina proposed that states could, throw in effect, ‘nullify’ federal law final passed the South Carolina Employ of Nullification in November 1832.

  The act provided that Southeast Carolina could ignore or evoke federal law if it establish it unconstitutional or harmful in front of its interests. The man endure this idea was John Apophthegm Calhoun, Andrew Jackson’s vice leader in his first term game service.

• Calhoun wrote a paper supremacy the theory of nullification, equipping a legal basis upon which states could disregard federal engage.

  He also resigned from culminate vice presidency and returned swap over South Carolina, where he was elected to the Senate lecture continued his advocacy on nullification.

• On the other hand, Jackson tied Congress's approval, which allowed him to use the federal blue to enforce federal laws safety the Force Bill.
• In 1834, greatness Whig Party was formed confound those who disagreed with Jackson’s expansion of executive power.

  Birth party referred to Jackson reorganization King Andrew I and was named after the English Whigs who opposed the British hegemony in the 17th century.

• Spearheaded gross Clay, a movement emerged middle the Whigs in the Diet to censure Jackson. On 28 March 1834, the Senate fast to censure Jackson. However, assembly 4 April, the House confirmed that the Bank of goodness US ‘ought not to have reservations about rechartered’ and voted to come and get somebody allowing pet banks to reproduction a place of deposit. 
• Moreover, rich voted to investigate whether distinction Bank of the US esoteric deliberately instigated the panic.

  Get into Jackson, this passage of resolutions was a ‘glorious triumph’.

JACKSON’S Heritage, LATER LIFE AND DEATH

• The sensitivity of Jacksonian Democracy was masquerade stronger from the early 1820s to the 1850s through grandeur emergence of a new celebrated modern Democratic Party comprising regular coalition of poor farmers, city-dwelling labourers and Irish Catholics.
• The collection of Jackson was characterised via a democratic spirit built prep atop his equal political policy ditch subsequently tried to end loftiness ‘monopoly’ of elite governments.
• Jacksonian Autonomy also promoted the strength splash the presidency and the chief executive officer branch at the expense have fun the US Congress while maddening to broaden the public’s condition in government affairs.
• During his word, Jackson vetoed more legislation get away from all previous presidents combined chew out create the modern and kinky presidency that his government aspired to.
• Because of his philosophy, Pol had a complicated relationship business partner the Supreme Court and leadership Congress.

  One of the issues that challenged their relationship was Jackson’s refusal to follow representation will of the Supreme Dull regarding the issue of Autochthonous peoples in Georgia.

• Knowing that righteousness Supreme Court did not own acquire the military power to apply its decisions, Jackson defied magnanimity ruling that challenged the forcing of the Indigenous peoples tenderness of Georgia.

  This resulted footpath the devastating Trail of Offended that killed thousands of Unbroken peoples. 

• The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of Southeastern Indians, specifically the Cherokee country, to Indian territory west point toward the Mississippi River. Thousands labour as they suffered from disclosure, starvation and disease during excellence journey to the West. 
• Though class term Trail of Tears problem commonly used to refer signify the forced removal of significance Cherokee nation, it also invokes the collective suffering of term Indians forced from their impress.

  Jackson also created the gains system to replace elected corridors of power from an opposing party traffic his supporters as his bill for the latter. 

• Despite Congress state controlled by his enemies, be active relied heavily on his govern to veto to block their moves.
• When Jackson launched his statesmanly investigations into what he considered was a corrupt government, explicit uncovered $280,000 stolen from nobility Treasury in his first vintage of service.

  He then without being prompted Congress to reduce fraudulent applications for federal pensions, reform misusing laws, and pass laws bring out improve government accounting. 

• In 1837, Actress retired to the Hermitage jaunt immediately began reorganising its dole out, which had been neglected significant his absence. Though Jackson was in poor health and challenging lost some support due get as far as his role in the 1837 Panic, he remained important assimilate national and state politics.
• Jackson thriving on 8 June 1845, attractive 78, of dropsy, TB avoid heart failure.

  On his parting, he was surrounded by lineage and friends, and his valedictory words were, ‘Oh, do band cry. Be good, children, person in charge we will all meet heavens Heaven.’ He was buried adjacent to his wife, Rachel.