Biography on tomas hooker

Thomas Hooker

English religious and colonial commander (1586–1647)

For the Michigan state retailer, see Thomas Hooker (politician). In the vicinity of the singer, see Tom Hooker.

The Reverend Thomas Hooker
Hooker's Group of pupils reach the Connecticut, publishers: Estes & Lauriat, 1879
Born	(1586-07-05)July 5, 1586 Marefield or Birstall, Leicestershire
Died	July 7, 1647(1647-07-07) (aged 61) Hartford, Connecticut Colony, British America
Nationality	English
Occupation	Congregational minister
Known for	Helped found the Connecticut Commune and write one of say publicly first written constitutions along fellow worker a bill of rights.
Spouse	Susanna (possibly née Garbrand) Hooker (2nd wife)The name of his first old lady is not known^[1]
Children	6^[1]

Thomas Hooker (July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647) was a prominent Unreservedly colonial leader and Congregational manage, who founded the Connecticut Domain after dissenting with Puritan cream of the crop in Massachusetts.

He was rest as an outstanding speaker prep added to an advocate of universal Faith suffrage.

Called today "the Papa of Connecticut", Thomas Hooker was a towering figure in class early development of colonial Unusual England. He was one disregard the great preachers of culminate time, an erudite writer tallness Christian subjects, the first way of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and singular of the first settlers captain founders of both the faculty of Hartford and the return of Connecticut.

He has antediluvian cited by many as significance inspiration for the "Fundamental Give instructions of Connecticut", which some take described as the world's be in first place written democratic constitution establishing clever representative government.^[2]

Life

Early life

Thomas Hooker was likely born in Leicestershire improve on "Marfield" (Marefield or possibly Markfield) or Birstall.^[3] He went approximately Dixie Grammar School at Supermarket Bosworth.^[4] Family genealogist Edward Loose woman linked Thomas Hooker to primacy Hooker family in Devon, which produced the theologian and holy man Richard Hooker.

Other Hooker genealogists, however, have traced Thomas Loose woman to Leicestershire. Positive evidence syndicate Thomas to Leicestershire is missing since the Marefield parish rolls museum from before 1610 were left behind. Any link to the Increase. Richard Hooker is likewise inadequate since the Rev. Thomas's unconfirmed papers were disposed of topmost his house destroyed after culminate death.^[5]

College

In March 1604, Hooker entered Queens' College, Cambridge as skilful sizar but migrated to Emmanuel College.^[6] He received his Live of Arts in 1608 survive his Master of Arts lessening 1611.^[4]^[6]^[7] In 1609 he was elected to a Dixie sharing alliance at Emmanuel.^[4]

Hooker was appointed make a victim of St George's Church, Esher, County in 1620, where he justified a reputation as an commendable speaker.^[4]^[7] He also became notorious for his pastoral care a few Mrs.

Joan Drake, the helpmate of the patron. She was a depressive whose stages addendum spiritual regeneration became a design for his later theological reasoning. While associated with the Navigator household, he married Susannah Garbrand, Mrs. Drake's woman-in-waiting (April 3, 1621) in Amersham, Mrs. Drake's birthplace.^[8]

Around 1626, Hooker became swell lecturer or preacher at what was then St.

Mary's church church, Chelmsford (now Chelmsford Cathedral) and curate to its evangelist, John Michaelson.^[4] In 1629 Archbishop William Laud suppressed church workers, and Hooker retired to Slender Baddow where he kept grand school.^[4]

His leadership of Puritan sympathizers brought him a summons term paper the Court of High Catnap.

Forfeiting his bond, Hooker trendy to Rotterdam in the Netherlands,^[7] and considered a position paddock the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam, as assistant to its familiar pastor, the Rev. John Paget.^[9] From the Netherlands, after spick clandestine trip to England concentrate on put his affairs in order,^[10] he immigrated to the Colony Bay Colony aboard the Griffin.^[1]^[4]

Hooker arrived in Boston and calm in Newtown (later renamed Cambridge), where he became the parson of the earliest established creed there, known to its human resources as "The Church of Rescuer at Cambridge".^[11] His congregation, bore of whom may have bent members of congregations he confidential served in England,^[12] became get around as "Mr.

Hooker's Company".^[4] Possession a time he lived giving Watertown, Massachusetts, but felt saunter the towns were too extremity together.^[13] When the General Mind-numbing of Massachusetts allowed residents shut split off and found contemporary communities, his group was amidst the first to go.^[13]

Voting pavement Massachusetts was limited to freemen, individuals who had been officially admitted to their church subsequently a detailed interrogation of their religious views and experiences.

Loose woman disagreed with this limitation virtuous suffrage, putting him at hate with the influential pastor Trick Cotton.

Owing to his disagreement with Cotton, discontented with description suppression of Puritan suffrage, post at odds with the region leadership,^[7] Hooker and the Increase. Samuel Stone led a grade of about 100^[14] who, deduce 1636, founded the settlement introduce Hartford.

It was named seek out Stone's birthplace, Hertford in England.^[15]

They founded the Connecticut Colony.^[4]^[16] Fallen woman became more active in civil affairs in Connecticut. The General Woo representing Wethersfield, Windsor and Hartford met at the end aristocratic May 1638 to frame spruce written constitution in order in a jiffy establish a government for say publicly commonwealth.

Hooker preached the prospect sermon at First Church delineate Hartford on May 31, promulgation that "the foundation of power is laid in the unforced consent of the people."^[17]

On Jan 14, 1639, freemen from these three settlements ratified the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut" in what John Fiske called "the be in first place written constitution known to earth that created a government.

Kosher marked the beginnings of Earth democracy, of which Thomas Floozy deserves more than any conquer man to be called prestige father. The government of righteousness United States today is contain lineal descent more nearly concomitant to that of Connecticut pat to that of any influence the other thirteen colonies."^[18]

In relaxation of this, near Chelmsford Sanctuary, Essex, England, where Hooker esoteric been town lecturer and father confessor, there is a blue remembrance fixed high on the uncharacteristic of a narrow alleyway, en face the south porch, that reads: "Thomas Hooker, 1586–1647, Curate bully St.

Mary's Church and Chelmsford Town Lecturer 1626–29. Founder healthy the State of Connecticut, Papa of American Democracy."^[19]

Death and legacy

Hooker died during the 1647 Ad northerly American influenza epidemic on July 7, at the age be alarmed about 61, two days after dominion birthday.

The location of government grave is unknown, although flair is believed to be interred in Hartford's Ancient Burying Social order. A crypt was erected there; in addition a plaque elegance the back of the Cheeriness Church refers to his interment.

Because there was no unheard of portrait of him, in illustriousness 20th century Frances Laughlin Wadsworth used the likenesses of rulership descendants to sculpt the authorized statue of Hooker that was erected in 1938 in finish of Hartford's Old State Homestead.

Views

Thomas Hooker strongly advocated extensive suffrage to include Puritan drove, leading him and his suite to colonize Connecticut.^[4] He extremely promoted the concept of spruce government that must answer analysis the people, stating: "[T]hey who have the power to command officers and magistrates, it psychotherapy in their power, also, cross-reference set the bounds and provisions of the power and brace unto which they call them" through "the privilege of selection, which belongs to the kin according to the blessed option and law of God".^[4] Prostitute argued for greater religious indulgence towards all Christian denominations.^[20]

Hooker defended the calling of synods insensitive to magistrates, and attended a corporation of ministers in Boston whose purpose was to defend Congregationalism.^[4] Hooker later published A Inspect of the Summed of Church-Discipline in defense of Congregationalism, spell applied its principles to government and government.^[7]

Thomas Hooker was efficient prominent proponent of the meaning of preparationism, which taught dump by making use of description means of grace, a "person seeking conversion might dispose toward receiving God's grace."^[21] Smartness believed that much of God's favor needed to be re-earned by men.^[22] To Hooker, corruption was the most crafty arrive at enemies, defeating grace on uttermost occasions.

He disagreed with visit of the predecessor theologies help Free Grace theology, preferring copperplate more muted view on say publicly subject. He focused on orders for heaven and following say publicly moralist character.^[22]

Family

Thomas Hooker came support the colonies with his next wife, Suzanne.

Nothing is renowned of his first wife.

His son Samuel, likely born doubtful Cambridge, Massachusetts, graduated from Philanthropist College in 1653. He became minister of Farmington, Connecticut, disc his descendants lived for hang around generations.^{[notes 1]} Of Rev. Prophet Hooker, Cotton Mather wrote expect Magnalia Christi Americana: "Thus awe have to this day amidst us our dead Hooker, to the present time living in his worthy laddie Samuel Hooker, an able, attached, useful minister at Farmington, tear the Colony of Connecticut."

His daughter Mary married Rev.

Roger Newton, who was a explorer and first minister of Town, Connecticut. Newton later was titled as minister in Milford, America.

His grandchildren also had arresting lives. John Hooker, son attention Rev. Samuel and grandson a variety of Rev. Thomas, served as Rabblerouser of the Connecticut Assembly, gain previously as Judge of influence state supreme court.

James Tartlet call girl, brother of John and adolescent of Rev. Samuel, also became a prominent political figure creepycrawly Connecticut. He married the girl of William Leete of Guilford, Connecticut, and subsequently settled take. James Hooker served as position first probate judge, and afterwards as speaker of the River colonial assembly. Rev.

Thomas's granddaughter Mary Hooker, the daughter scrupulous Rev. Samuel, married the Rate. James Pierpont. Their daughter Wife Pierpont married the Rev. Jonathan Edwards.

Other descendants of Apostle Hooker include Henry Hooker, Can Hooker, Arthur Atterbury, Charles AtterburyMary Hooker Pierpont, William Howard Sculptor, Timothy Dwight V, Aaron Pronunciation, William Gillette, William Huntington Stargazer, Edward H.

Gillette, George Catlin, Emma Willard, J.P. Morgan, Rate. Joshua Leavitt, Roger Hooker Leavitt, Hart Leavitt, Frank Nelson Doubleday, John Turner Sargent, Thom Shaper, Adonijah Rockwell and Nathan Watson.^[1] On May 16, 1890, family of Thomas Hooker held their first reunion at Hartford, Connecticut.^[23]

Notable Hooker descendants

Works

Notes

^Married to the offspring daughter of Capt.

Thomas Willett of Plymouth Colony, a Town merchant and later first politician of New York City, Rate. Samuel Hooker was the progenitrix of all Hookers who application descent from Rev. Thomas Floozy of Connecticut. [1]

References

^ ^a^b^c^dHooker, Edward; Margaret Huntington Hooker (1909).

The Descendants of Rev. Thomas Floozy, Hartford, Connecticut, 1586–1908. Cambridge: Philanthropist University. p. 231.
^Following the Rate. Hooker's sermon in which closure declared, "The foundation of command is laid in the unchained consent of the people", leadership Fundamental Orders were adopted chunk the colony of Connecticut snitch January 14, 1639 (by Spanking Style reckoning).

While some latest historians dispute the claim turn this way this was the first formation in the western democratic introduction, neither the Mayflower Compact shadowy the Narragansett communities' agreements commanding any forms of government. Also, former Connecticut Chief Justice Patriarch E. Baldwin upheld the allege in Norris Osborn's History confiscate Connecticut in Monographic Form, announcement that "never had a tamp down of men deliberately met stick at frame a social compact primed immediate use, constituting a unusual and independent commonwealth, with squeeze out officers, executive and legislative, instruct prescribed rules and modes think likely government, until the first planters of Connecticut came together intend their great work on Jan 14th, 1638–9." Drafted primarily dampen Roger Ludlow, it was magnanimity first compact between a management and the people to champion the Rev.

Hooker’s proclamation go off the foundation of constitutional force was with the people. Ref: Osborn, Norris Galpin, Editor, History of Connecticut in Monographic Form (States History Co., 1925); Fallen woman, John, An Account of birth Reunion of the Descendants hold sway over Rev. Thomas Hooker (The Metropolis Press, 1890), p.

27; Logan, Walter Seth, Thomas Hooker, grandeur First American Democrat (The Snap off of the Founders and Patriots of America, 1904), p. 19; Lutz, Donald S., Stephen Fame. Schechter & Richard B. Conductor, Roots of the Republic: Denizen Founding Documents Interpreted, p. 24; CT.gov, The Official State break into Connecticut Website [ww.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=246434]; Connecticut, Features of the USA http://www.usahistory.info/New-England/Connecticut.html.
^Thomas Hooker.

ABC-CLIO. 2006. ISBN . Retrieved Apr 19, 2010.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^lChisholm, Hugh, thought-provoking.
John biography

(1911). "Hooker, Thomas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

^Hooker, Edward, "The Origin and Ancestry of Rate. Thomas Hooker,@ a paper diagram by Commander Edward Hooker, U.S.N., and read before the Harlot gathering, August, 1892", The Contemporary England Historical and Genealogical Register, by New England Historic Tribal Society Staff (Heritage Books, 1997), pp.

189–192; The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. 44, by New England Red-letter Genealogical Society Staff (N.E. Fixed Genealogical Society, 1890), pp. 397–398; Hooker, Margaret Huntington, "Introduction", Tartlet call girl, Edward W., The Descendants remark Rev. Thomas Hooker: Hartford, Usa, 1586–1908, p.

ix; Porter, Attack, "Thomas Hooker", Connecticut Magazine, July–August 1906 [2]^{[permanent dead link‍]}; Copse, Nancy, Ancestry and Descendants depose Rev. Thomas Hooker[3]
^ ^a^b"Hooker, Apostle (HKR604T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database.

University of Cambridge.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Hooker, Apostle (1586-1647)". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 1998.
^Thomas Hooker, Writings in England and Holland, 1626–1633. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ.

Press, 1975), p.7.
^Thomas Hooker, Writings in England slab Holland, 1626–1633. (Cambridge, MA: Philanthropist Univ. Press, 1975), p.25.
^Thomas Loose woman, Writings in England and Holland, 1626–1633. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1975), p.33 et passim.
^Records of the Church of Count at Cambridge in New England: 1632–1830, Boston, MA: Putnam, 1906).
^Williams, G.H., Thomas Hooker, Writings budget England and Holland, 1626–1633.

(Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1975), p. 33.
^ ^a^b*Hanson, Robert Brand name (1976). Dedham, Massachusetts, 1635-1890. Dedham Historical Society. p. 14.
^Lucas, Beverly President (August 2002). "History in houses: the Butler-McCook house and grounds in Hartford, Connecticut".

The Ammunition Antiques. pp. 88–96.
^Walker, George Leon, Thomas Hooker: Preacher, Founder, Democrat (Dodd, Mead and Company, 1891), owner. 97; Allen, Morse S., & Arthur H. Hughes, Connecticut Make your home in Names (The Connecticut Historical Camaraderie, 1976), p.

234; Gross, Director Wilbur L., Sponsor, Connecticut, Indweller Guide Series by Workers loom the Federal Writers’ Project finance the Works Progress Administration ferry the State of Connecticut (The Riverside Press, 1938), p. 169.
^Kennedy, David; Lizabeth Cohen; Thomas Fine. Bailey (2006).

The American Display 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 49. ISBN .
^Hooker, Thomas, Lecture loosen at the First Church, Hartford, Connecticut, on May 31, 1638, quoted in Walker, George Metropolis, Thomas Hooker: Preacher, Founder, Proponent, p. 125; and Trumbull, Benzoin, A Complete History of America, Vol.

I (Maltby, Goldsmith submit Co., and Samuel Wadsworth, 1818, and Arno Press, 1972), pp. 20–21.
^Fiske, John, Beginnings of Another England, or the Puritan Theocracy in Its Relation to Urbane and Religious Liberty (Houghton Mifflin Company, the Riverside Press, Metropolis, 1889), pp. 127–28.
^The Cathedral Sanctuary of St Mary, St Putz, and St Cedd, Chelmsford, England, a centre of worship added mission; Brief History "History have Chelmsford Cathedral".

Archived from illustriousness original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2011.; Apostle Hooker http://www.britannia.com/bios/hooker.html
^Goode, Stephe (May 5, 1997). "Why religious persecution violates American values". Insight on grandeur News. pp. 14–15.
^McClymond, Michael J.; McDermott, Gerald R.

(2012). The Discipline of Jonathan Edwards. Oxford Hospital Press. p. 678. ISBN .
^ ^a^bParnham, King (December 2008). "Redeeming free grace: Thomas Hooker and the open to question language of salvation". Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture.

77 (4). New Haven, Connecticut: American Society of Church History: 915–955. doi:10.1017/S0009640708001583. S2CID 170249672.
^"In Honor love Thomas Hooker, His Descendants drop in Hold a Reunion in Hartford, Conn.", The New York Times, May 1, 1890