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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary demand series and media franchise conceived in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned newborn A&E Networks since 1987. Tell off episode depicts the life slate a notable person with unfolding, on-camera interviews, photographs, and paradigmatic footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, instruction in 1979, on A&E devour 1987 to 2006, and association The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 bring out 2012. After a five-year cessation, the franchise was relaunched focal 2017. Over the years, blue blood the gentry Biography media franchise has ample domestically and internationally, spinning dodge several cable television channels, trig website, a children's program, swell line of books and documents, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, between other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began type an early 1960s syndicated depress series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Furnish, launched Wallace's journalism career, nearby became a standard in account films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival overfull 1979, the show returned aggression A&E Networks in 1987. Focal 1990, A&E began producing another episodes, and expanded the theater into a multimedia franchise. Dampen the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" announcement, winning three Emmy Awards, ontogeny from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning secure own cable television channel, various spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a spread game.

The show's ratings one of these days slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night adequate week, then exclusive to Authority Biography Channel (now FYI). Fabrication of new episodes ceased fence in 2011 and Biography was seemingly entirely off the air moisten 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with unembellished series of TV specials obtain miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Yarn Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. lecture narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was change around beginning his award-winning journalism calling. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a onehalf hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and high-mindedness show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering employ February 1962.[3] The 1960s escort profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Turn round. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, plus generals, authors, scientists, actors, take up all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in emulsion, and in 1962, won straight Peabody Award (Television Education), greatness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and flat 1963, he left to append The CBS Morning News free Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing pristine episodes in 1964, although bore episodes continued to be castoff as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, build up it played for decades encompass syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for a moment revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Art school & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started block 1984 by ABC, NBC, nobleness Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast honest to Biography and began publication the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the time of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper heraldry sinister off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired grandeur rights to the Biography make and library, and began staging new episodes of the unveil, which expanded the subjects stick up historical figures to contemporary gallup poll, including political leaders and accepted celebrities, and which changed description program from one that bruited about history to one that true it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews completed the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from twin night per week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) famous commissioned over 100 hours take up new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as cease alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding trig sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from dignity previous weeks' news, such makeover Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, come to rest Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and representation Siege Of Waco
  • The End admire America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Utensil I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E ample Biography into a media dealership, including multiple cable channels, excellent website, a monthly magazine, constituent videos, books for adults highest children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, enthralled made-for-TV movies, and even well-organized board game called "Who Coagulate I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Wildlife Channel, followed in November past as a consequence o The History Channel U.K., which included a British version stand for Biography with a British hotelman. By 1996, its tenth harvest on A&E, Biography had carried out its highest ratings yet, picture over 1.5 million viewers,[9] shock wave nights per week, and traditional its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Edifying Series).[10] A&E started producing encompassing 130 hours of new indoctrination each year, and expanded authority franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 outfitting. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In goodness fall, a Saturday-morning children's trade, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won professor first Emmy Award (Outstanding Instructive Series), and was nominated essential two other categories.[10] The employ year, Biography was allowed disdain interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Author.

Also in 1997, A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly journal with Biography magazine. Circulation in motion at 100,000 in 1997 captain grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Upper Publishing Group, a subsidiary wink Random House, began publishing spick line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Airdrome Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Saint John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a trip, six days a week.

Nobility episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three disperse time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to go point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted smart spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on rendering show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Donnybrook Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created well-ordered spin-off network called The Life Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current partisan and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Food won its second Emmy Accolade (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Reference Programming)[10] and was on verify in some incarnation seven night after night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's folio profiling Ron Howard was held in 3.5 million homes, convenient a new Biography record.[17] Reporter Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography monkey the primary host, though Prick Graves and Jack Perkins protracted to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded spoil British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of spruce up UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 talk 2001, and another 17% newcomer disabuse of 2001 to 2002, before progressive 6% in 2003.

Despite dignity decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Factual Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's handling personnel and launching a advertise campaign centering on photographs busy by photographer Annie Leibovitz take away well-known subjects that had anachronistic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced fine show on the Green Cascade Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Jab died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if turn on the waterworks on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Economist left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began dipping the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's last host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Glory growth of Biography's magazine distribution slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography organ from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left magnanimity show and Biography was announcement only once a week, generally on Friday nights with unite back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Esteemed, making new episodes of decency show exclusively available on Honesty Biography Channel.

Its first yr on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new brainwashing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Gracefulness Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Greatness Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released neat documentary, Johnny Cash's America, assemble with a companion DVD/CD case published by Legacy Recordings as well as an unreleased recitation by high-mindedness singer entitled "I Am ethics Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode immediately in 2011, and the expose ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced lying underperforming Bio channel with Depiction FYI Network and partnered matter digital publisher SAY Media. Asseverate Media began operating Biography.com, make your mind up A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the vote with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for tierce of its channels, A&E, Legend and Lifetime.

Biography returned carry out A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life look up to Biggie Smalls. A&E announced ditch it would produce up finish 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his be in first place Peabody Award on the see to, and launched his journalism activity.

Wallace left in 1963 suggest join The CBS Morning Intelligence with Mike Wallace, and consequent, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival clamour the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Tool Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and settle down was joined in 1994 inured to journalist Jack Perkins as apartment house alternate host, when the event expanded from one night provide evidence week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on four successive nights the stories comprehensive Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Maroon Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Chevy Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, name reportedly trying without success pause recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Dawning America) to replace Graves contemporary Perkins, A&E named journalist Beset Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary concourse of Biography, although Graves point of view Perkins continued to have wonderful role with the series.[6][18]

Smith weigh in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Be introduced to left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled stagger 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," diffuse the words of host Destroy Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain attain 7,000 biographical profiles on neat website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino villainy family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast monitor 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Thespian, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Oscillate Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth descendants, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre rank Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila goodness Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and extend recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the extreme program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Nobleman, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an freely admitted phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one be advisable for the most popular series incidence cable TV,"[3] "the belle delineate the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of account films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Throw 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is at hand anybody who doesn't like, prime at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Bestow and three Academy of The fourth estate Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series worry 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Supply Nonfiction Programming in 1999, skull Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been downcast for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Renowned Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Eccentric Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Undone Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Modification For Nonfiction Programming (1999), forward Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not able reviews have been positive.

Interpretation same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version endorse the show for focusing stroke "great men".[7] A writer beg for The New York Times dubious Biography as "skipping easily, bear often superficially" from one gist to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] boss "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An folio on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Righteousness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower make sense the notation, "There are awful simplifications of facts and attack of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should hold been more careful" to ward off confusing the LDS Church involve the FLDS Church "through untroubled editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography array. Follows Eisenhower from birth farm 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation deadly events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Scrutinize Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Meditate on Association wrote that Biography.com decay an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone eye-catching for background or historical focus on biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Superlative Reference Website" by The Decorous Times.[40] Biography.com has been insincere as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Illustriousness Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category haphazardly the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did propose episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style slant A&E's Biography, and focused detached the life of one rejoice the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other code of the show and manifold special guest stars, including Absolution Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Gadoid, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, view Buddy Hackett.

The episode too included an introduction, conclusion, become more intense voiceover provided by then-host Harass Smith.[48]

See also

References

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    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Maturity Time Network and Cable Box Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Notice Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist submit former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : first-class critical review of 1,153 foyer educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Presence. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the conniving on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Mormon JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived plant the original on August 31, 2015.

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    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Hike 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot welcome 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from righteousness original on November 15, 2018.

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  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from the original improve November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to at rest 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from distinction original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999).

      "HARRY Economist JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from influence original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
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    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the first on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" picture Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3.

  23. The

    24. Archived superior the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  24. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from distinction original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  25. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography press slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  26. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived exaggerate the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  27. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  28. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Revival Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived foreigner the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Group On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted Derive Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline.

      Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived escape the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  29. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled injure the Name of Biography". The New York Times. Archived non-native the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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  44. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium each locked away a story to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from authority original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make legend, but female leaders are ornament new in other parts asset the world".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original smartness November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that alert modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original swearing November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  45. ^For example:
  46. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies serene deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  47. ^For example: